Lesson 2: Objectives
PURPOSE:
To study how heat and bond strength interact to determine the phases and other various properties of chemicals.
OBJECTIVES:
You have completed this lesson when you can:
1. Describe the bonding and molecular motion in the solid, liquid, and gas phases.
2. Describe the types of interatomic bonds (covalent, ionic, metallic) and intermolecular bonds (hydrogen, dipole-dipole, van der Waals) and compare their strengths to one another. (Review from CH104)
3. From formulas of chemicals, determine what types of interatomic and intermolecular bonds the chemicals have. (Review from CH 104)
4. Describe energy, heat, and temperature.
5. Describe the relationship between heat and temperature.
6. Define and properly use the terms endothermic and exothermic.
7. Relate chemical bonds to the energy changes involved in making and breaking them.
8. Draw and interpret heating and cooling curves.
9. Define calorie, kilocalorie (and Calorie), and joule.
10. Define heat capacity (or specific heat) and memorize the value of the heat capacity (or specific heat) for water.
11. For a material changing temperature, do calculations relating the heat lost or gained, change in temperature, mass of the material, and heat capacity (or specific heat) of the material.
12. Define and use proper symbols, units, and signs for heat of fusion, heat of vaporization, heat of condensation, and heat of crystallization.
13. For a material changing phase, do calculations relating the heat lost or gained, mass of the material, and DH for the phase change.
14. For materials changing temperature and phase, do calculations relating the heat lost or gained, change in temperature, heat capacity (specific heat), mass of the material, and DH for the phase change.
15. Interpret heating and cooling curves in terms of bonding.
16. Relate chemical bonds (interatomic and intermolecular) to the processes involved in making and breaking them.
17. Use kinetic molecular theory and bonding to describe phases, phase changes, melting and boiling points, and heating and cooling curves.
18. Identify and describe viscosity, surface tension, volatility, pressure, and vapor pressure.
19. Relate thermal properties of different chemicals to differences in interatomic and intermolecular bonds.
ASSIGNMENTS:
Outside Reading (optional): Find the chapters and sections in your text that cover the following topics and read them.
- Solids
- Liquids
- Intermolecular bonds
- Kinetic molecular theory
- Heat
- Heat capacity or specific heat
- Phase changes
- Heat of fusion and heat of vaporization
To be turned in:
Lab Report on Exercise 18 (or on Exercise 19, if you prefer)
Online homework